We have investigated with light and electron microscope immunocytochemistry the aminergic and peptidergic innervation of Onuf's nucleus in adult baboons. This nucleus, located in the ventrolateral part of the sacral spinal cord (S2 and S3), is considered to control urethral and a…
This article summarizes anatomical, neurophysiological, pharmacological, and brain imaging studies in humans and animals that have provided insights into the neural circuitry and neurotransmitter mechanisms controlling the lower urinary tract. The functions of the lower urinary t…
During micturition, according to the concept of Blok, Holstege, and colleagues ([1997] Neurosci. Lett. 233:109-112), the pontine micturition center (PMC) elicits bladder contraction by way of direct excitation of the parasympathetic bladder motoneurons. At the same time, the PMC…
Micturition is a spino-bulbo-spinal reflex. The bulbospinal part of this reflex is formed by the projections from the M-region, also called the pontine micturition center or Barrington's nucleus, to the preganglionic parasympathetic motoneurons in the sacral cord innervating the…
A new patient operated key-pad device provided a reliably objective measure of sensations of urge during urodynamics without the need for prompting. Neuromodulation using noninvasive pudendal afferent stimulation suppressed these sensations whilst increasing bladder volume.
Indiscriminate voiding of excreta by cattle contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and soil and water contamination<sup>1</sup><sup>,</sup><sup>2</sup>. Emissions are higher in animal-friendly husbandry offering cattle more space<sup>2</sup> - a trade-off we call the 'clim…
The use of urine marking in the scavenging behavior of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes)
A total of 400 women referred consecutively to a gynaecological urology clinic was questioned with regard to their sexual activity and were subsequently investigated by cystometry to establish the prevalence of urinary incontinence occurring during intercourse, and to define the…
Some of the most recent work investigating the cerebral mechanisms involved in bladder control has been very helpful in adding to our understanding of bladder dysfunction. The group behind this work, from London, presents a mini-review which will help to update our knowledge in t…
These results indicate that in the anesthetized rat activation of urethral afferents by urethral perfusion can modulate the micturition reflex. Thus in patients with stress urinary incontinence, leakage of urine into the proximal urethra may stimulate urethral afferents and facil…
1. Reflexes to sacral parasympathetic neurones were studied by electrophysiological techniques in decerebrate, in chloralose-anaesthetized, and in chronic spinal cats.2. Excitatory reflexes from pelvic nerve and sacral somatic afferent nerve fibres were present before and after c…
Through its emphasis on recent research, its many summary tables, and its bibliography of more than 4,000 entries, this first modern, synthetic treatment of comparative amphibian environmental physiology emerges as the definitive reference for the field. Forty internationally res…
Wolves are charismatic emblems of wilderness. Dogs, which descended from wolves, are models of urbanity. Do free-ranging dogs revert to pack living or are their societies only reminiscent of a wolfish heritage? Focusing on behavioral ecology, this is the first book to assess soci…
Wolves are some of the world's most charismatic and controversial animals, capturing the imaginations of their friends and foes alike. Highly intelligent and adaptable, they hunt and play together in close-knit packs, sometimes roaming over hundreds of square miles in search of f…
Mammalian Olfaction, Reproductive Processes, and Behavior presents the conceptual, methodological, and empirical advances in the study of the complex interactions between nasal chemoreception, sexual behavior, and endocrine function in mammals. It focuses on the orders Artiodacty…
Pheromones and Reproduction in Mammals reviews current research findings on the role of pheromones in mammalian reproduction. Drawing on both quantitative laboratory studies and selected observational field studies, the book explores how animals actively deploy scent to facilitat…
Dysfunction of the lower urinary tract in general and the overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) in particular are prevalent and have major impact on the quality of life of the afflicted patients and their partners. We concisely review sex and gender differences in patients and animal…
Amniotic fluid (AF) is a complex substance essential to fetal well-being. This article reviews recent discoveries and the current understanding of the origin and circulation of AF and its nutritive, protective, and diagnostic functions. Future directions for AF research are also…
Approximately 60% of Japanese men void in the sitting position at home. There are certain differences in the associations of LUTS and health conditions with voiding position by age, while seated voiding is consistently associated with marital status throughout all ages, which imp…
For healthy men, no difference is found in any of the urodynamic parameters. In patients with LUTS, the sitting position is linked with an improved urodynamic profile.