We study learning problems involving arbitrary classes of functions $F$, distributions $X$ and targets $Y$. Because proper learning procedures, i.e., procedures that are only allowed to select functions in $F$, tend to perform poorly unless the probl...
We report on the multi-epoch observations of H2O maser emission in star forming region OH 43.8-0.1 carried out with VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA). The large-scale maser distributions obtained by single-beam VLBI mapping reveal new mas...
We report on the detection of dark matter in the cluster Abell 2390 using the weak gravitational distortion of background galaxies. We find that the cluster light and total mass distributions are quite similar over an angular scale of $\simeq 7^\pr...
Conditioning is the generally agreed-upon method for updating probability distributions when one learns that an event is certainly true. But it has been argued that we need other rules, in particular the rule of cross-entropy minimization, to handle...
A major factor contributing to the success of modern representation learning is the ease of performing various vector operations. Recently, objects with geometric structures (eg. distributions, complex or hyperbolic vectors, or regions such as cones,...
We consider an auction of identical digital goods to customers whose valuations are drawn independently from known distributions. Myerson's classic result identifies the truthful mechanism that maximizes the seller's expected profit. Under the assu...
We explore the feasibility to study exclusive meson production (EMP) in hard muon-proton scattering at the COMPASS experiment. These measurements constrain the off-forward parton distributions (OFPD's) of the proton, which are related to the quark...
The paper concerns the study of equilibrium points, or steady states, of economic systems arising in modeling optimal investment with \textit{vintage capital}, namely, systems where all key variables (capitals, investments, prices) are indexed not on...
The large acceptance and high multiplicity capabilities of the CLAS detector make it possible to study a wide range of previously unmeasured strange baryon production processes. Studies of the decay angular distributions of electroproduced strange...
Consider a multiperiod optimal transport problem where distributions $μ_{0},\dots,μ_{n}$ are prescribed and a transport corresponds to a scalar martingale $X$ with marginals $X_{t}\simμ_{t}$. We introduce particular couplings called left-monotone...
The Wehrl information entropy and its phase density, the so-called Wehrl phase distribution, are applied to describe Schrödinger cat and cat-like (kitten) states. The advantages of the Wehrl phase distribution over the Wehrl entropy in a descripti...
A simplification of the source channel geometry of the Leksell Gamma Knife$^{\circledR}$, recently proposed by the authors and checked for a single source configuration (Al-Dweri et al 2004), has been used to calculate the dose distributions along...
Lately we observe: (1) an upsurge of interest (in particular, triggered by a paper by Atiyah and Witten) to manifolds with G(2)-type structure; (2) classifications are obtained of simple (finite dimensional and graded vectorial) Lie superalgebras ove...
Recently, Grozman and Leites returned to the original Cartan's description of Lie algebras to interpret the Melikyan algebras (for p<7) and several other little-known simple Lie algebras over algebraically closed fields for p=3 as subalgebras of Li...
Using the recently introduced declination function, we estimate the net number of seats won in the US House of Representatives due to asymmetries in vote distributions. Such asymmetries can arise from combinations of partisan gerrymandering and inher...
This paper considers elections in which voters choose one candidate each, independently according to known probability distributions. A candidate receiving a strict majority (absolute or relative, depending on the version) wins. After the voters have...
A vertex coloring of a graph is called "perfect" if for any two colors $a$ and $b$, the number of the color-$b$ neighbors of a color-$a$ vertex $x$ does not depend on the choice of $x$, that is, depends only on $a$ and $b$ (the corresponding partitio...
With molecular dynamics simulations of a fluid mixture of classical particles interacting with pair-wise additive Weeks-Chandler-Andersen potentials, we consider the time series of particle displacements and thereby determine distributions for loca...
We evaluate the effects that variations in He content have on bolometric corrections and Teff-colour relations. To this aim, we compute ATLAS9 model atmospheres and spectral energy distributions for effective temperatures ranging from 3500 K to 400...
We consider optimal mechanism design for the case with one buyer and two items. The buyer's valuations towards the two items are independent and additive. In this setting, optimal mechanism is unknown for general valuation distributions. We obtain tw...