Quantum noise - Wikipedia
Quantum noise is a type of noise in a quantum system due to quantum mechanical phenomena such as quantized fields and the uncertainty principle. This principle
Modeling and Replication of the Prepayment Option of Mortgages including Behavioral Uncert…
Prepayment risk embedded in fixed-rate mortgages forms a significant fraction of a financial institution's exposure, and it receives particular attention because of the magnitude of the underlying market. The embedded prepayment option (EPO) bears th...
Top 10 Risks in 2026: Geoeconomic Confrontation Tops the List
Jan 14, 2026 · As the world faces uncertainty, geoeconomic confrontation is the main short-term risk, while environmental issues shape the long-term outlook, experts say.
Chilled Sampling for Uncertainty Quantification: A Motivation From A Meteorological Invers…
Atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) extracted from satellite imagery are the only wind observations with good global coverage. They are important features for feeding numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. Several Bayesian models have been proposed...
Optimizing Sensor Allocation against Attackers with Uncertain Intentions: A Worst-Case Reg…
This paper is concerned with the optimal allocation of detection resources (sensors) to mitigate multi-stage attacks, in the presence of the defender's uncertainty in the attacker's intention. We model the attack planning problem using a Markov decis...
Disturbance-aware minimum-time planning strategies for motorsport vehicles with probabilis…
This paper presents a disturbance-aware framework that embeds robustness into minimum-lap-time trajectory optimization for motorsport. Two formulations are introduced. (i) Open-loop, horizon-based covariance propagation uses worst-case uncertainty gr...
Probably - Meaning, Definition & English Examples
Probably means something is likely to happen or be true, but not certain. It expresses uncertainty or a strong possibility, often used when making guesses or predictions. Example: She will probably arrive …
What does Probably mean? - Definitions.net
Probably is used to express a likelihood or the degree of uncertainty in a statement, indicating that something is likely to happen or be true, but not certain.
Nash Equilibrium of Joint Day-ahead Electricity Markets and Forward Contracts in Congested…
Uncertainty in the output power of large-scale wind power plants (WPPs) can face the electricity market players with undesirable profit variations. Market players can hedge themselves against these risks by participating in forward contracts markets...
differences - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange
Perfect vacuum does not exist - there will always be some energy, some particles manifesting themselves spontaneously from quantum uncertainty, but generally lack of matter, including air is …
Investment Timing and Technological Breakthroughs
We study the optimal investment policy of a firm facing both technological and cash-flow uncertainty. At any point in time, the firm can decide to invest in a standalone technology or to wait for a technological breakthrough. Breakthroughs occur when...
Toward Uncertainty-Aware and Generalizable Neural Decoding for Quantum LDPC Codes
Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for scalable quantum computing, yet decoding errors via conventional algorithms result in limited accuracy (i.e., suppression of logical errors) and high overheads, both of which can be alleviated by infere...
Mutual Redundancies in Inter-human Communication Systems: Steps Towards a Calculus of Proc…
The study of inter-human communication requires a more complex framework than Shannon's (1948) mathematical theory of communication because "information" is defined in the latter case as meaningless uncertainty. Assuming that meaning cannot be commun...
Why does English spelling use silent letters?
Jan 16, 2011 · Why have a letter in a word when itâs silent in pronunciation, like the b in debt? Can anyone please clarify my uncertainty here?
Missing Counter-Evidence Renders NLP Fact-Checking Unrealistic for Misinformation
Misinformation emerges in times of uncertainty when credible information is limited. This is challenging for NLP-based fact-checking as it relies on counter-evidence, which may not yet be available. Despite increasing interest in automatic fact-check...
OR Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of OR is —used as a function word to indicate an alternative, the equivalent or substitutive character of two words or phrases, or approximation or uncertainty. How to use or in a sentence.
Systematics from NICER Pulse Profiles Drive Uncertainty in Multi-Messenger Inference of th…
We present new constraints on the neutron star equation of state (EOS) and mass distribution using a unified Bayesian inference framework that incorporates latest NICER measurements, including PSR J0614$-$3329, alongside gravitational wave data, radi...
Option Pricing in Markets with Unknown Stochastic Dynamics
We consider arbitrage free valuation of European options in Black-Scholes and Merton markets, where the general structure of the market is known, however the specific parameters are not known. In order to reflect this subjective uncertainty of a mark...
Bitcoin falls below $65,000 as Trump tariff moves raise uncertainty
>tldr: >Bitcoin fell more than 5% to below $65,000 on Monday after U.S. President Donald Trump announced plans to raise global tariffs to 15%. >The drop came as Asian equities rose in early...
Vibrational quality classification of metallic turbine blades under measurement uncertaint…
Non-destructive testing on metallic turbine blades is a challenging task due to their complex geometry. Vibrational test-ing such as Process Compensated Resonance Testing (PCRT) has shown an efficient approach, which first measures the vibrational re...