news.ycombinator.com• Mar 16, 2026• 1 min read
Ask HN: AI Agents vs. Gateways vs. HarnessesHi,I'd like to get everyone's take on the different components in the AI Agents ecoysystem. I find the current terminology quite confusing as it's not always obvious what I'll be actually getting when I examine the available options.A lot of things get called Agents, but that term seems hard to define as it often refers to overlapping functionality. To me, agents seem to be currently composed of the following components:## Harnesses- Adds UI and system instructions around an LLM and may also augment it with tools such as memory, tool calls, etc...- Examples are Claude Code, Code, Gemini CLI, pi.dev, ...## Gateways- These connect agents to your communication tool of choice, e.g. Whatsapp, Telegram, Slack, Discord, ...- Examples are OpenClaw and Nanoclaw## Sandboxes- Isolated environments where Agents can run with limited or auditable capabilities- Examples can be from physical ones like separate Mac Minis to docker-agent, agent-sandbox, localsandbox, ...This then takes us to *Agents*:##