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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction_cosine

Direction cosine - Wikipedia

In analytic geometry, the direction cosines (or directional cosines) of a vector are the cosines of the angles between the vector and the three positive

arxiv.org/abs/1608.07738v2

Testing APSyn against Vector Cosine on Similarity Estimation

In Distributional Semantic Models (DSMs), Vector Cosine is widely used to estimate similarity between word vectors, although this measure was noticed to suffer from several shortcomings. The recent literature has proposed other methods which attempt...

arxiv.org/abs/2006.02186v2

Convex bodies generated by sublinear expectations of random vectors

We show that many well-known transforms in convex geometry (in particular, centroid body, convex floating body, and Ulam floating body) are special instances of a general construction, relying on applying sublinear expectations to random vectors in E...

arxiv.org/abs/1705.09426v2

Competent hosts and endemicity of multi-host diseases

In this paper we propose a method to study a general vector-hosts mathematical model in order to explain how the changes in biodiversity could influence the dynamics of vector-borne diseases. We find that under the assumption of frequency-dependent t...

arxiv.org/abs/1702.02876v1

The role of disease cycles in the endemicity of infectious diseases

Vector-borne diseases with reservoir cycles are complex to understand because new infections come from contacts of the vector with humans and different reservoirs. In this scenario, the basic reproductive number $\mathcal{R}^h_0$ of the system where...

arxiv.org/abs/math/0603582v1

Indices of Vector Fields on Singular Varieties: An Overview

Indices of vector fields on (complex analytic) singular varieties have been considered by various authors from several different viewpoints. All these indices coincide with the classical local index of Poincaré-Hopf when the ambient variety is a s...

arxiv.org/abs/2312.17085v2

A remark on selection of solutions for the transport equation

We prove that for bounded, divergence-free vector fields in $L^1_{loc}((0,+\infty);BV_{loc}(R^d;R^d))$, regularisation by convolution of the vector field selects a single solution of the transport equation for any integrable initial datum. We recall...

arxiv.org/abs/2310.08310v3

The Connection Algebra of Reductive Homogeneous Spaces

Consider the smooth sections of the tangent bundle of a reductive homogeneous space. This is a vector space over the field of real numbers. The canonical connection acts as a linear binary operator on this vector space, making it an algebra. If we in...

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Basis for infinite dimensional vector space definition

Feb 4, 2023 · In some of these infinite-dimensional vector spaces, when they're normed, there may be Schauder Bases , where we have infinite sums, which require a notion of convergence.

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Download Free Vectors, Images, Photos & Videos | Vecteezy

Explore millions of royalty free vectors, images, stock photos and videos! Get the perfect background, graphic, clipart, picture or drawing for your design.

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Vector graphics - Wikipedia

Vector graphics are a form of computer graphics in which visual images are created directly from geometric shapes defined on a Cartesian plane, such as points, lines, curves and polygons.

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std:: vector - cppreference.com

Apr 25, 2025 · The storage of the vector is handled automatically, being expanded as needed. Vectors usually occupy more space than static arrays, because more memory is allocated to handle future …