Probability is all about how likely is an event to happen. For a random experiment with sample space S, the probability of happening of an event A is calculated by the probability formula n (A)/n (S).
Computability logic (CL) (see http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~giorgi/cl.html) is a semantical platform and research program for redeveloping logic as a formal theory of computability, as opposed to the formal theory of truth which it has more traditional...
Based on the MRDP theorem concerning the Hilbert tenth problem, there is a corresponding Diophantine equation called proof equation for every formula of the First-order Peano Arithmetic (PA). A formula is provable in PA, if and only if the correspo...
In this note, we show that, despite the widespread assumption, the consistency formula for Peano Arithmetic PA, Con(PA), "for all x, x is not a code of a derivation of (0=1)," is not equivalent in PA to the consistency of PA. Specifically, we demonst...
ownership (as in worker-owned companies). This usage is often found in former Eastern Bloc countries to differentiate from former state-owned enterprises,[citation
In this paper, we develop an analytical formulation for the Slepian spatial-spectral concentration problem on the sphere for a limited colatitude-longitude spatial region on the sphere, defined as the Cartesian product of a range of positive colatitu...
Upcoming cosmic shear analyses will precisely measure the cosmic matter distribution at low redshifts. At these redshifts, the matter distribution is affected by galaxy formation physics, primarily baryonic feedback from star formation and active gal...
We present a statistical detection of 1.5 GHz radio continuum emission from a sample of faint z~4 Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs). LBGs are key tracers of the high-redshift star formation history and important sources of UV photons that ionized the inter...
Igusa proved in 1958 that the polynomial determining the supersingularity of elliptic curve in Legendre form is separable. In this paper, we get an analogous result for curves of genus $2$ in Rosenhain form. More precisely we show that the ideal dete...
Nov 1, 2020 · There's a rule about one-syllable adjectives that end in a single vowel and a consonant, that duplicates the consonant in the comparative form: big --> bigger hot --> …
Grover adaptive search (GAS) is a quantum exhaustive search algorithm designed to solve binary optimization problems. In this paper, we propose higher-order binary formulations that can simultaneously reduce the numbers of qubits and gates required f...
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Understanding where elements were formed has been a key goal in astrophysics for nearly a century, with answers involving cosmology, stellar burning, and cosmic explosions. Since 1957, the origin of the heaviest elements (formed via the rapid neutron...
A new theory for Cooper pair formation and superconductivity is derived from quantum statistical mechanics. It is shown that zero momentum Cooper pairs have non-local permutations and behave as effective bosons with an internal weight close to unity...
We introduce a novel approach to studying properties of processes in the π-calculus based on a processes-as-formulas interpretation, by establishing a correspondence between specific sequent calculus derivations and computation trees in the reductio...
We present a formalism for Petri nets based on polynomial-style finite-set configurations and etale maps. The formalism supports both a geometric semantics in the style of Goltz and Reisig (processes are etale maps from graphs) and an algebraic seman...
Environmental volunteering can take many forms: Practical: Perhaps most well known are practical forms of environmental volunteering. Volunteers may be involved
tar is a file format and a file archiver program. The program combines multiple files into a single archive file in the tar file format. It was originally
In this article, we explicitly construct a canonical basis for the space of certain weakly holomorphic Drinfeld modular forms for $Γ_0(T)$ (resp., for $Γ_0^+(T)$) and compute the generating function satisfied by the basis elements. We also give an...
We present the v1.0.1 release of DFormPy, the first Python library providing an interactive visualisation of differential forms. DFormPy is also capable of exterior algebra and vector calculus, building on the capabilities of NumPy and matplotlib. Th...