Micro-services are a common architectural approach to software development today. An indispensable tool for evolving micro-service systems is A/B testing. In A/B testing, two variants, A and B, are applied in an experimental setting. By measuring the...
It is well known that many machine learning systems demonstrate bias towards specific groups of individuals. This problem has been studied extensively in the Facial Recognition area, but much less so in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). This paper...
May 21, 2024 · The units for acceleration are meters per second squared (m/s^2), where the time unit (seconds) is squared to represent the change in velocity over time.
Massive black-hole binaries, formed when galaxies merge, are among the primary sources of gravitational waves targeted by ongoing Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments and the upcoming space-based LISA interferometer. However, their formation and mer...
Feb 23, 2026 · Describing a set or group with four elements. four (countable and uncountable, plural fours) (countable) The digit or figure 4; an occurrence thereof. (countable) Anything measuring four …
A Geiger counter (/ˈɡaɪɡər/, GY-gər; also known as a Geiger–Müller counter or G-M counter) is an electronic instrument for detecting and measuring ionizing
Aug 6, 2025 · What is a metric? A metric is a quantifiable measure used to track performance. Metrics help you understand how your business or team is doing, and give you insights that …
Anonymity is a powerful component of many participatory media platforms that can afford people greater freedom of expression and protection from external coercion and interference. However, it can be difficult to effectively implement on platforms th...
Universe: a software platform for measuring and training an AI's general intelligence across the world's supply of games, websites and other applications. (⭐ 7514)
Ensuring the resilience of Large Language Models (LLMs) against malicious exploitation is paramount, with recent focus on mitigating offensive responses. Yet, the understanding of cant or dark jargon remains unexplored. This paper introduces a domain...
Mastercard, a global leader in financial services, develops and deploys machine learning models aimed at optimizing card usage and preventing attrition through advanced predictive models. These models use aggregated and anonymized card usage patterns...
The phenomenon of periodic orbit scarring of eigenstates of classically chaotic systems is attracting increasing attention. Scarring is one of the most important "corrections" to the ideal random eigenstates suggested by random matrix theory. This...
The long-tail phenomenon tells us that there are many items in the tail. However, not all tail items are the same. Each item acquires different kinds of users. Some items are loved by the general public, while some items are consumed by eccentric fan...
The problem of adopting quantum-resistant cryptographic network protocols or post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is critically important to democratizing quantum computing. The problem is urgent because practical quantum computers will break classical en...
You can find quartz countertops, granite countertops, marble countertops, and solid surface countertops that are perfect for your kitchen or bathroom! Get started with the free measuring guide that can …
Metallicity is a fundamental parameter that contributes to the physical characteristics of a star. However, the low temperatures and complex molecules present in M dwarf atmospheres make it difficult to measure their metallicities using techniques th...
Google Analytics is a platform that collects data from your websites and apps to create reports that provide insights into your business. Measuring a website To measure a website, you first hav
A light-emitting diode (LED) pulser for testing the low-rate response of a photomultiplier tube (PMT) to scintillator-like pulses has been designed, developed, and implemented. This pulser is intended to simulate 80 ns full width at half maximum phot...
The deep image prior showed that a randomly initialized network with a suitable architecture can be trained to solve inverse imaging problems by simply optimizing it's parameters to reconstruct a single degraded image. However, it suffers from two pr...
Travel decisions are fundamental to understanding human mobility, urban economy, and sustainability, but measuring it is challenging and controversial. Previous studies of taxis are limited to taxi stands or hail markets at aggregate spatial units. H...
Computational mental health research develops models to predict and understand psychological phenomena, but often relies on inappropriate measures of psychopathology constructs, undermining validity. We identify three key issues: (1) reliance on unva...
The literature on well being measurement seems to suggest that "asking" for a self-evaluation is the only way to estimate a complete and reliable measure of well being. At the same time "not asking" is the only way to avoid biased evaluations due to...
Software quality in use comprises quality from the user's perspective. It has gained its importance in e-government applications, mobile-based applications, embedded systems, and even business process development. User's decisions on software acquisi...
We use almost and nearly to refer to the progress of things, especially if we are measuring and counting things. In these examples, almost and nearly can both be used: … It’ll cost almost as much to repair …
Rugby league football, commonly known as rugby league is a full-contact sport played by two teams of thirteen players on a rectangular field measuring
Releated Paper: (AAAI2020) Measuring and Relieving the Over-smoothing Problem for Graph Neural Networks from the Topological View. (⭐ 27)
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved promising performance on a wide range of graph-based tasks. Despite their success, one severe limitation of GNNs is the over-smoothing issue (indistinguishable representations of nodes in different classes)....
Since the 1990s, AI systems have achieved superhuman performance in major zero-sum games where "winning" has an unambiguous definition. However, most social interactions are mixed-motive games, where measuring the performance of AI systems is a non-t...
Measuring distance or similarity between time-series data is a fundamental aspect of many applications including classification, clustering, and ensembling/alignment. Existing measures may fail to capture similarities among local trends (shapes) and...
In a previous article (Rahman, Guns, Rousseau, and Engels, 2015) we described several approaches to determine the cognitive distance between two units. One of these approaches was based on what we called barycenters in N dimensions. The present note...
We apply measures of complexity, emergence and self-organization to an abstract city traffic model for comparing a traditional traffic coordination method with a self-organizing method in two scenarios: cyclic boundaries and non-orientable boundaries...
Evaluation datasets are critical resources for measuring the quality of pretrained language models. However, due to the high cost of dataset annotation, these resources are scarce for most languages other than English, making it difficult to assess t...
Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have shown remarkable abilities in producing human-like text. However, it is unclear how accurately these models internalize concepts that shape human thought and behavior. Here, we developed a quantitativ...
The anomalous magnetic moment of the tau lepton ($a_τ$) is a sensitive probe for the search for deviations from the Standard Model predictions and thus for new physics. This study investigates the feasibility of measuring $a_τ$ using ultra-peripher...
Financial forecasting has been an important and active area of machine learning research, as even the most modest advantage in predictive accuracy can be parlayed into significant financial gains. Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP)...
Feb 6, 2026 · Mongolia, historically Outer Mongolia, landlocked country located in north-central Asia. It is roughly oval in shape, measuring 1,486 miles (2,392 km) from west to east and, at its maximum, …
Add a magical touch to your crafts with these adorable flocked "We are Twinkl Twinkl" series figures! Designed in a charming Pop Mar cartoon style, these acrylic beads feature a soft, velvety flocked surface and sweet pastel colors that exude cuteness and fun. Measuring approxima…
The homological and homotopical Dehn functions are different ways of measuring the difficulty of filling a closed curve inside a group or a space. The homological Dehn function measures fillings of cycles by chains, while the homotopical Dehn functio...
This work explores the problem of exercise quality measurement since it is essential for effective management of diseases like cerebral palsy (CP). This work examines the assessment of quality of large amplitude movement (LAM) exercises designed to t...
Direct photon production is an important observable in heavy ion collisions as photons are penetrating and therefore largely insensetive to final state effects that lead to jet quenching. Measurements of the fragmentation component to prompt photon...